PROTECT MONARCH BUTTERFLIES

March 25, 2025

PLANT NATIVE FLORIDA PLANTS TO PROTECT MONARCH BUTTERFLIES

Asclepius tuberosa, commonly known as butterfly weed, stands out as one of Florida’s native milkweeds. This bushy perennial, reaching heights of 1.5 to 2 feet, is celebrated for its vibrant, flat-topped clusters of bright orange flowers. The leaves, typically arranged alternately, measure 1-2 inches long, featuring pointed tips and smooth edges. The clusters of yellow-orange to bright orange blooms, spanning 2-5 inches in width, adorn the flowering stem, which is subtly hairy. These attributes make butterfly weed a popular choice in nurseries across the state. Thriving as a perennial in USDA Hardiness zones 3-10a, it produces its striking orange or yellow flowers from late summer to early fall.


Other native milkweed species include Asclepias amplexicaulis (clasping milkweed), Asclepias cinerea (Carolina milkweed), Asclepias connivens (largeflower milkweed), Asclepias curtissii (Curtiss’ milkweed), Asclepias feayi (Florida milkweed), Asclepias humistrata (pinewoods milkweed), Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed), Asclepias lanceolata (flower milkweed), Asclepias michauxii (Michaux’s milkweed), Asclepias obovata (pineland milkweed), Asclepias pedicellata (savannah milkweed), Asclepias perennis (swamp milkweed), Asclepias rubra (red milkweed), Asclepias tomentosa (velvetleaf milkweed), Asclepias variegata (redring milkweed), Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed), Asclepias viridiflora (green milkweed), Asclepias viridis (green antelopehorn), and Asclepias viridula (southern milkweed).


NON-NATIVE MILKWEED 

Many experts advise against the use of tropical and non-native milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), which is commonly cultivated in Florida. This species features clusters of orange, yellow, and red tubular flowers and can grow to a height of 2–4 feet and a width of 1–2 feet. Its leaves are oppositely arranged, ending in acute tips, and it possesses smooth, upright stems. Notably, it exudes a milky sap and serves as a larval host for Monarch, Queen, and Soldier butterflies.


Negatives of Non-Native Milkweed: 

A. It does not die back in the southern climate and is susceptible to a parasite. The parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE) can lead to deformities, smaller size, mating impairments, and reduced flight endurance in monarchs. 

B. In the long term, it poses a threat to ecosystems, even if cut back to 3 inches in the fall after its leaves have been consumed, in an attempt to mimic winter die-back and curb OE parasite spread. OE accumulates in tropical milkweed plants over time, becoming increasingly detrimental to monarchs. 

C. Additionally, tropical milkweed can mislead monarchs into breeding when they should be preparing for migration.


February 2, 2026
The featured presenter at the January 22nd Rivers Coalition meeting was Army Corps of Engineers Jacksonville District Commander Col. Brandon Bowman. He reported: * The Lake Okeechobee management effort is going well. The lake level is currently a near-ideal 13.01 feet. In addition, following last summer’s Lake Recovery Operation, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (“sea grass”) now covers 20,000 acres of the lake bottom compared with just 3000 acres beforehand. * All stakeholders but one are having their needs met at the present time: The Caloosahatchee River west of the lake isn’t receiving nearly as much fresh water as it needs. * The biggest threat to the St. Lucie Estuary right now isn’t discharges from Lake Okeechobee; it’s polluted runoff flowing into the headwaters of the North Fork. The Corps has several projects underway to address that issue. * The Everglades restoration effort continues moving forward, albeit at a seemingly-glacial pace. To wit: Col. Bowman was happy to announce that the Everglades Agricultural Area projects would be completed five years ahead of schedule – but that still won’t be until the end of 2029. * The big C-44 Reservoir, just north of the St. Lucie Canal in western Martin County, is a key part of the management plan. The reservoir will store runoff and remove phosphorus before discharging the water. Unfortunately, it hasn’t been able to operate at capacity; there’s a seepage issue at one end, and it can only be filled to ten feet compared with its designed fifteen-foot level. The Corps doesn’t think the reservoir will be able to be filled to capacity until 2032. * Finally, Coalition members expressed a great deal of alarm about the Corps’ Engineering Research and Development Center’s plan to develop treatments to remove peroxide and phosphorus from the water. The concern stems from the ERDC’s need to test those treatments, and they have to do the testing in the St. Lucie Canal. There was widespread fear that this could produce harmful results in our canal and our estuary. On the legislative front, Gil Smart, the Friends of the Everglades monitor of the goings-on in Tallahassee, shook his head: “If last year’s legislative session’s theme was facilitating sprawl, this year’s is sprawl on steroids.” A disturbingly large number of bills have been filed that will allow more and more development projects to be subject only to administrative approval rather than, as now, being required to go through a public review process. If these bills pass they will drastically reduce public input on some very big and impactful development proposals -- and completely eliminate it in some cases. As these and other really bad bills get rammed towards the finish line, you will undoubtably be receiving calls for action from your favorite environmental organization. Keep an eye on your inbox. -- Walter Deemer, LWVMC Rivers Coalition Representative
September 28, 2025
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September 1, 2025